赫尔德与中国近代美学

On Herder and Comtemporary Chinese Aesthetics

本文关注的问题是中国近代学者如何提及、论述、介绍、理解德国近代学者赫尔德的美学思想,特别是其美学思想中的所谓移情说。通过梳理中国近代美学学者对赫尔德的认识来看现代中西文化互相激荡的过程中德国哲学特别是美学思想如何进入中国美学话语圈。本文认为王国维在学习日本哲学著作过程首先接触到赫尔德。但蔡元培首先讨论了感情移入理论。后来吕澄、黄忏华等人通过日本学术了解到赫尔德的美学思想。而真正全面介绍移情思想和赫尔德美学思想的学者是留学欧洲的学者如朱光潜、宗白华等学者。而赫尔德的美学思想与其艺术史研究分不开,这一方面则反映在李长之的著述之中。

This paper attempts to offer an elaborate discussion of how the aesthetics of German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder （ 1744-1803） has been received among modern Chinese philoso- phers and scholars in the early twentieth century, especially his theory on Einfuhlung. This paper suggests that it was Wang Guowei who encountered Herder at first through his reading of Japanese philosophical works. Yet by that time he was not quite aware of his aesthetic thoughts. And it was Cai Yuanpei who first introduced the idea of Einfuhlung to Chinese readers. But he failed to capture its connection with Herder. Lu Cheng and Huang Chanhua also made some preliminary attempts at introducing Herder＇s idea to China. The comprehensive introduction of the theory on Einftthlung in Herder＇s aesthetics had not been clone until the appearance of scholars who studied in Europe, such as Zhu Guangqian and Zong Baihua. This paper also touches upon the association of Herder＇s aesthetics and the study of art history via a closereading of Li Changzhi＇s works.