广域后备保护多代理系统的仿真建模与实现

Simulation Modeling and Implements of Wide-area Backup Protection Multi-agent System

针对广域后备保护多代理系统分布式协作的特点,为广域后备保护代理构造了环境感知、情景感知、综合决策等智能模块和接口,设计了多代理系统的容错性处理措施。EPOCHS是将电力系统电磁暂态仿真软件EMTDC/PSCAD、机电动态仿真软件PSLF、网络通信仿真软件NS2、Agent集成的电力和通信同步仿真环境,将保护代理映射到EPOCHS予以仿真设计和实现,构造了电网的EMDTC/PSCAD模型和SDH通信网络的NS2仿真模型。通过仿真系统可观察保护代理的内部活动和多代理间的交互过程,从而评价广域保护算法及策略。通过3个仿真实例证明广域后备保护多代理仿真系统的代理设计是正确的。仿真试验能够有效地检验在电力系统故障、保护代理失效、断路器失灵等多种情景下多代理推演带来的整体性能。

This article proposes a distributed cooperative wide-area backup protection system using multiple agents, which operate in parallel. The proposed agents operate using a common multi-layer architecture, which includes three intelligent modules and interfaces. The modules consist of PEM （perception of environment module）, PSM （perception of situation module）, and IDM （Integrated decision-making module）. The robust measures for robustness for multi-agent systems are designed as well. The mapping and simulation design of these mechanisms has been studied using the EPOCHS （electric power and communication synchronizing simulator） environment. EPOCHS allows users to study simulated power systems augmented with wide-area communication networks, which are co-simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC and NS2 respectively. Using this simulated environment, wide-area backup protection algorithms and strategies can be evaluated and internal activities and interactions among wide-area backup protection agents can be observed in protection situations. Three test scenarios, which simulate faults in a representative power system and in SDH （synchronous digital hierarchy） optical fiber ring networks, illustrate that the simulated model of multiple intelligent protection agents is correct. The performance of multiple protection agents can be effectively measured by simulating experiments under some key situations, such as the power system faults, the failure of protection actions by agents in the system, and by recording responses to breaker failures.