美国联邦储备体系的性质、功能和治理结构

The Nature,Function,and Governance Structure of Federal Reserve System

联储体系依据美国国会通过的法律成立,作为美国的中央银行行使包括制定和执行货币政策、监管金融机构、维护支付体系运行等公共职能,代表公共利益,具有公共机构性质。联储体系理事会属联邦机构性质;各联储行兼具联邦机构、公司和银行性质,但以联邦机构性质为主,公司色彩较淡,是银行的银行和政府的银行。

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the Federal Reserve System as the central banking authority of the United States. The Fed conducts America＇s monetary policy, supervises and regulates banks and protects consumers＂ credit rights, and maintains the stability of America＇s financial system. The Federal Reserve Board is federal institute. 12 Federal Reserve Banks share traits of federal institute, corporation and banks, and are basically classified as federal institutes. A Reserve Bank is often called a ＂banker＇s bank＂ and ＂government＇s bank＂.