晚清时期的自然灾害及其成因、影响约议

Causes and Effect of Natural Calamities in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期是中国历史上自然灾害的高发期,尤其以水、旱、震、风、虫等灾害发生的次数最多、危害最大,成为导致中国近代社会迟滞、衰落的不可忽视的重要因素。灾害发生的原因多种多样,既有自然地理条件本身不利因素的影响,又有人为因素对自然环境的破坏,还有不良社会政策及吏治腐败等因素的作用,带有综合性、复杂性。自然灾害对晚清社会造成的消极影响极为严重。中国近代社会出现的经济衰退、政治腐败、社会动荡等负面社会现象,都直接或间接地与自然灾害的肆虐有关。

late Qing Dynasty was the peak time of natural calamities in Chinese history. And the times and damages of the disasters of flood, drought, earthquake, windstorm and insect were especially most, those disasters are the important factors lagging and fading Chinese society in modern times. The causes of disasters are comprehensive and complex, including the factor of physical geography condition, the factor of human destroying the ecological environment, as well as the factors of bad society policy and official corruption. The negative influence that natural calamities brought about to the late Qing Dynasty society was extremely grave. Chinese society negative social phenomena such as economic downturn, official corruption, society turbulence appearing in the modern times, were connected with the natural calamities directly or indirectly.