墨家和法家思想与西方趋利思想的关系分析

The Relation between Chinese Mohism & Legalism and Western Interests-oriented Thoughts

虽然墨子和边沁的思想均属于功利主义,但是在许多方面存在着区别。墨子是在人的生存层次上谈利,因此一切与生存无关的事物都被认为是一种浪费。边沁则是在快乐的层次上谈利,认为这种生存方式能够引发出消费主义和奢侈的合理性。中国以韩非子为代表的法家和西方以霍布斯为代表的政治哲学,尽管它们并不在政治家的辞令中出现,却是中国和西方的公共管理制定规则的潜在的基本原理,也是政治家们实际应用的政治思想体系。

Even though the thoughts of both Mo Tzu and Bentham belong to utilitarianism, they are different in many ways. When Mo Tzu talked about interests, he was paying attention to the situation of survival. Therefore, anything that has nothing to do with survival would be considered as wasting. However, Bentham talked about interests from the aspect of pleasure, which justified the reason for people to be luxury and have a way of living based on consumerism. The political philosophies represented by Han Fei Tzu and Hobbes respectively. Although they were not used in the diplomatic speeches of politicians very often, they were actually used in their political practices. They are the basic principles applied in making rules for public administration respectively by Chinese or Western politicians.