论斯密“看不见的手”

On Adam Smith's "The Invisible Hand"

斯密讲"看不见的手"的本意是指"神"或"造物主"的作用。但他在这样讲时提出了一个包含三要素的分析框架,并把它与资本主义经济现实相联系。后人解读时,把"看不见的手"归于与交换相关的各种范畴。马克思对斯密的说法有相关的分析与论述。根据马克思的分析,可以认为,斯密的这个分析框架表现为对资本主义生产方式的单纯的全面肯定,常被用于以简单、抽象的方式说明复杂、具体的经济关系;由于分析的是资本主义经济,但出发点和结果却表现为似乎超越资本主义的、一般抽象的东西,这时,用市场、市场机制代替或说明"看不见的手",不过是把对"神"的崇拜转为对"市场"等的崇拜。

The original purpose of Adam Smith when speaking of the ＂invisible hand＂ is the function of ＂god＂ or ＂creator＂. Meanwhile, he mentioned an analytical framework including three basic factors, and related it with the economic reality of capitalism. When reading this the descendents ascribe the ＂invisible hand＂ to many kinds of categories related to exchange. Marx made his analysis and explanation to Smith＇s view. According to Marx＇s analysis, it can be indicated that the analytical framework of Smith is presented to be a pure overall affirmation to capitalist productive manner, and is often used to explain complex and concrete economic relationship in a simple, abstract way. Since what is ana- lyzed is capitalist economics while the starting point and the outcome seems to be a common and abstract thing that exceeds capitalism, and because of this, it is just a transition from the worship of ＂god＂ to＂market＂ or so to use market and market mechanism in place of the ＂invisible hand＂.