汾河灌区水稻节水灌溉技术研究

Study on the Rice Water Saving Irrigation Technology in Fen River Basin

随着汾河水库调蓄能力的下降，加之工业挤占农业用水，汾河灌区灌溉水源日趋紧张。但汾河一坝灌区内的稻田仍采用传统的种植、灌溉模式，灌溉用水量最高达3万m3／hm2，浪费水现象很严重。而且还存在着水稻与小麦灌溉用水的矛盾。为此，我们对水稻节水灌溉技术进行了试验研究，结果表明，新的栽培、灌溉技术旱育秧、旱整地、浅湿间歇灌溉比传统的水育秧、水整地、深水灌溉有明显的节水、增产效果。旱育秧比水育秧多栽6．7倍的本田，折合到本田灌溉用水量减少90％以上，节约投资73％；旱整地比水整地节约泡田用水量37．8％，减少灌溉水量1362m3／hm2；本田生长期实行浅湿间歇灌溉的灌溉制度比深水淹灌每公顷可增产1056kg，增产率20．1％，田间耗水量减少6051m3／hm2，节水29．6％。

The water resources are getting less and less in the Fen River irrigation area as the storage capacity of Fen River reservior decreases and water use in industries takes from agricultures. However,the water resource waste is still serious in the No. 1 dam irrigation area of the FenRiver where the water use for irrigation is as high as 30000m3/hm2 because the old planting andirrigation ways are widespreadingly used in rice field. Besides,there is contradiction between riceand wheat irrigation. For this reason,the research and experiments have been made for rice watersaving irrigation techniques,and the results shows that the improved ways of cultivation,dry rafsing rice seedllings through irrigation,dry land regulation and shallow intermittent irrigation savewater and increase productivity significantly compared with old raising rice seedlings and landregulation in water,and deep irrigation' I.and use for dry raising rice seedlings is 6. 7 times morethan that in water,water used for irrigation is reduced by 90%,and saves investment of 73 %;dryland regulation saves water 37.8% compared with watered land,and reduces irrigation water useof 1362m3/hm2;lands with shallow intermittent irrigation is increased yield 1056 kg per ha morethan watered land, which is 20. 1 % increasing rate, and farm water consumption is reduced6051m3n'/hm',which is about 29. 6 % water saving rate.