韶关市1998-2007年流感流行与监测分析

Analysis on Influenza Epidemic and Surveillance in Shaoguan from 1998 to 2007

目的了解韶关地区1998-2007年流感流行情况,探讨流行特征,提供防治建议。方法根据韶关地区流感监测和疫情资料进行流感流行分析。结果1998-2007年共采集流感样患者标本5062人份,经分离鉴定流感病毒阳性303株,分离率为5.99%。在303株流感病毒株中,H3亚型流感病毒245株(80.86%),B型流感病毒34株(11.22%),H1亚型流感病毒20株(6.60%),首次发现禽H9流感病毒感染人,并检出禽H9亚型流感病毒4株(1.32%)。10年内共报告疫情128起,以3～7月份为爆发高峰,以中、小学校居多,以H3亚型流感病毒引起的疫情见多,其次为B型流感。监测中采集一般人群血清596份,流感病毒H1、H3、B1、B2型抗体阳性率分别为57.72%、69.30%、40.77%、27.68%;采集职业暴露人群血清366份,流感病毒H5和H9抗体阳性率分别是0.27%和33.08%。结论韶关市近10年的流感流行优势株为H3亚型,流感流行高峰在3～7月,进入2000年后流感活动有所加强,一般人群血清流感抗体均有下降趋势,对此应做好加强监测及措施,防范流感在本市的大规模流行。首次在本市发现禽H9亚型流感病毒感染人事件,建议继续加强禽流感的监测。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological status of influenza in Shaoguan from 1998 to 2007. Method Data of influenza surveillance and outbreaks in Shaoguan city was analyzed. Results 5 062 influenza patients samples were collected from 1998 to 2007, among which 303 were positive of influenza virus （5.99%）. Among the 303 samples, 245 were H3 （80.86%）, 34 were B （11.22%）, and 20 were H1（6.60%）. Cases infected by avian influenza H9 were discovered for the first time, and 4 strains of H9 （1.32%） were detected. There were 128 influenza outbreaks reported in the past ten years, and the epidemic peak was from March to July every year. It broke out mostly in junior and primary schools and most of which were caused by influenza A （H3） and influenza B. Among 596 serum samples of general people, antibody positive rates for influenza H1, H3, B1, B2 were 57.72%, 69.30%, 40.77% and 27.68%, respectively. Among 366 serum samples of those occupations with high risk, influenza H5 and H9 antibody positive rates were 0.27% and 33.08%, respectively. Conclusion The predominant influenza virus was H3, and the epidemic peak was from March to July during the past ten years in Shaoguan city. The influenza broke out more after 2000, and the influenza antibody levels of general people serum decreased. Cases infected by avian influenza H9 were discovered for the first time in Shaoguan city. Surveillance should be strengthened to prevent the influenza eoidemic.