超级电容器炭气凝胶电极材料的研究

Studies on the carbon aerogels electrodes for the supercapacitor

采用常压干燥法以间苯二酚(R)、甲醛(F)为原料制备RF炭气凝胶,用SEM对其进行表征。将水溶液化学沉淀法制得的氢氧化镍作为正极,分别采用不同催化剂含量制备的RF炭气凝胶和活性炭材料作负极,用恒流充放电、循环伏安等方法系统地考察了电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,在恒流充放电和循环伏安测试中电极材料都表现出了良好的电容特性。常压干燥法制备的炭气凝胶呈现珍珠串式的网络结构,存在大量孔洞,随催化剂含量降低,颗粒与孔洞尺寸会明显变大,比容量和比能量减小。RF炭气凝胶作负极的比容量和比能量明显高于活性炭作负极的电容器。

The RF carbon aerogels are obtained from resorcinol（R） and formaldehyde（F） by atmospheric pressure drying method and characterized by SEM. The capacitor is assembled by using Ni（OH） 2 as positive electrode and RF carbon aerogels with different concentrations of catalyzer, actived carbon as cathode respectively. Studies on supercapacitors are mainly focused on [he electrochemical performances, by using constant current charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry. The result shows that the electrode materials have good capacitance characteristics in cyclic vohammetry and constant current charge/discharge tests. The carbon aerogels prepared at ambient conditions are typical carbon materials with a pearly network structure and lots of pore spaces. With the decrease of catalyst content, the particle size and pore size increase obviously, and the specific capacitance and specific energy decrease. The specific capacitance and specific energy of using RF carbon aerogels as cathode are larger than that of using actived carbon as cathode.