人类学视野下我国民族传统体育运动的特点与功能

On the Characteristics and Functions of the Chinese traditional Sports in the Perspective of Anthropology

人类学可以给体育学研究带来新视角和新方法。从人类学的理论视野出发,我国的传统民族体育文化可以分为大体三个区域,即狩猎(渔猎)-畜牧(游牧)传统文化区,畜牧(游牧)-农业混合型传统文化区,和农耕传统文化区。三种文化区产生众多的民族传统体育项目,其核心是来自对各自生态环境最有效的适应性。从功能的角度来看,这些体育运动项目之所以存在和发展,得益于五种重要的功能。它们互相协调、有机结合,构造出具有中国特色的民族传统体育文化圈。

Anthropology can provide sports studies with new perspective and approaches. From the perspective of anthropological theories, Chinese traditional sports can be divided into three zones, namely hunting-nomadism, nomadism-cultivation, and cultivation zones. The sports irons derived from these three zones are virtually effective adaptation to their respective ecological systems. Under the perspective of functionism, five important functions conduct to the survival and development of traditional sports, and they coordinate and integrate with each other to construct an arena of traditional sports with Chinese characteristics.