体育高考生考前心境、状态焦虑与临场发挥关系研究

An Analysis on the Relationship between Mental State of Pre-competition,State Anxiety and Performance of Sports Major Entrance Test Candidates

利用简式心境状态量表(POMS)中国修订版和"状态—特质焦虑问卷"(STAI)量表,对参加2006年陕西省体育专业高考的男146名,女107名考生进行了问卷调查,并和考生的考前状态焦虑以及考生的临场发挥成绩做相关分析。结果显示:有60.7%的体育专业考生在考前心理不健康;原地推铅球和100 m跑两项成绩,三组不同TMD值组别之间成绩的差异具有显著性意义(p<0.05),组间多重比较显示TMD高分组与中等组之间原地推铅球成绩的差异具有非常显著性意义(p<0.01);三组之间在总成绩方面的差异不具有显著性意义(p>0.05)但TMD低分组与中等组之间成绩的差异具有显著性意义(p<0.01)。三个情绪状态组间存在显著的赛前焦虑差异,消极情绪状态得分高的考生比得分低者的状态焦虑明显要高;考前状态焦虑得分值与100 m跑临场发挥成绩的相关具有显著性意义(p<0.05),与原地推铅球的临场发挥成绩的相关具有非常显著性意义(p<0.01),与总成绩临场发挥水平的相关具有显著性意义(p<0.05),而与立定跳远和800 m的临场发挥之间的相关不具有显著性意义。

This paper makes questionnaire investigation on sports major entrance test candidates （146 men, 107 wumen） in Shaanxi Province by POMS and SIAl scales, and does correlation analysis with the candidates＇ performance. The result shows that there are 60.7% of the candidates in bad mental state in pre-cornpetition state. There are significant differences in the events of 100 meters and shot put among three TMD groups. The differences of the performances of TMD high scorers and middle scorers is quite significant （p〈 0.01 ）. The total scores of the three groups have no remarkable differences （p 〉0.05）. But the difference between TMD low scorers and middle scorers is remarkable（p 〈 0.01 ）. There are significant differences between the three mood groups in pre-game anxiety. High scorers of positive mood have more serious state anxiety than low ones. The correlation number has significant difference （p〈 0.05） between state anxiety and performance of 100 meters （ p 〈 0.05）, shot put（ p 〈 0.01 ） and total perfomrance of the test （p 〈 0.05 ）, but no significant difference to standing long jump and 800 meters running.