钾营养对高品质棉株不同部位纤维成熟度影响的研究

Effects of Potassium on Fiber Maturity of Different Positions in High Quality Cotton

研究了钾营养对高品质棉杂交种科棉3号和常规种科棉4号不同部位纤维成熟度的影响。结果表明,施钾肥并通过合理的运筹能有效地促进高品质棉株中、上部纤维成熟度提高、特别是棉株上部纤维成熟度的提高,从而使得棉株上部与中部纤维成熟度的差距缩小,有利于提高整株纤维成熟度。本试验条件下,氯化钾施用量在225kg·hm-2时,最有利于纤维成熟度的增长,高品质棉杂交种科棉3号钾肥运筹以基肥和花铃肥的比例为5:5,常规种科棉4号基肥和花铃肥的比例为7:3时更有利于提高棉株中、上部的纤维成熟度,而且上部与中部的成熟度差异最小。

High quality cotton has shown different boll development and fiber quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of potassium on fiber maturity of different positions in high quality cotton. The study was undertaken on two cultivars of high quality upland cotton, one was a hybrid cultivar（Kemian 3）,another was a conventional cuhivar（Kemian 4）, at Yangzhou University Farm, Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province, China, during 2003 and 2004. The results showed that reasonable potassium fertilizer application increased fiber maturity of the middle and upper parts of the plant effectively, especially for the fiber maturity in the upper parts, consequently narrowed the difference of fiber maturity between them and improved the fiber maturity of the whole plant. Applying potassium fertilizer at 225 kg·hm^-2 was most helpful to enhance fiber maturity. The reasonable potassium fertilizer management with the ratio of basal dressing to fertilizer application during flowering to boll development was 5 ： 5 for Kemian 3 and 7 ： 3 for Kemian 4, respectively, and it was more beneficial to increase fiber maturity in the middle and upper parts of the plant, and the difference of fiber maturity between them was minimum.