论法律逻辑中的推论规则

On the Inference Rule of Legal Logic

推论规则是逻辑学研究的核心内容。法律逻辑是一门应用逻辑,但它并不是形式逻辑的推论规则在法律领域中的简单运用,而是形式逻辑的推论规则加上法律领域中的特殊推论规则的结果。因此,法律逻辑中的推论规则与形式逻辑中的推论规则相比,既有共性的一面,又有个性的一面。其共性表现为形式逻辑的基本推论规则是构成法律逻辑中的推论规则必不可少的组成部分,其个性表现为法律逻辑中有着与形式逻辑中的推论规则所不具有的特殊推论规则——证明责任规则。

The inference rule is a core subject of research on logic. Legal logic is a branch of applied logic. However, it is not the simple application of the inference rule of formal logic to the legal arena, but the integration of the inference rule of formal logic with the inference rule peculiar to the legal area. Therefore, a comparison of the two shows they have something in common but are distinct. What they have in common is the fact that the basic inference rule of formal logic is an indispensable component of the inference rule of legal logic. Their distinctiveness lies in the fact that the inference rule in legal logic has an element lacking in formal logic, i.e. the 'burden of proof.'