汶川地震一个月后救援部队官兵心理健康状况调查

Investigation on psychological status of rescue troops one month after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的:了解抗震救灾1个月后部队心理健康状况,探索重要相关事件对部队指战员心理健康的影响。方法:在应急救援开始后32～42d对驻映秀镇成都军区某红军师炮兵团、济南军区某师炮兵团和四川武警部队三支主力部队指战员为研究对象,随机整群抽样170人,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查。救援部队人员SCL-90因子分值分别与中国正常人常模和中国军人常模比较,采用两样本t检验确定差异显著性。结果:78份调查表符合要求纳入分析。救援部队官兵的SCL-90总分为130.25±33.07,阳性项目数为27.59±15.75,各因子分值在1.28～1.64之间;与中国正常人18～29岁常模相比,救援部队官兵躯体化症状因子偏高(P<0.05),而人际关系敏感因子偏低(P<0.01);与中国军人男子组常模比较,救援部队官兵强迫因子、人际关系敏感因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子、偏执因子和精神病性因子均偏低(P<0.05);比较参与和没有参与遇难者遗体挖掘处理的官兵,发现参与组在睡眠和饮食因子有较低的评分(P<0.01),而阳性症状均分有较高的评分(P<0.01)。结论:地震救援部队官兵在震后32～42d的心理卫生状况基本正常,某些阳性症状与遇难者遗体处理等抗震救灾相关事件相关,对官兵抗震救灾事件相关心理问题的定期监测能有效发现和干预可能的心理疾患。

Objective.. To understand the psychological status of the rescue troops one month after rescue action for the devastating earthquake and to explore the effect of some important events on the psychological status of soldiers. Methods： The subjects were randomly selected from the 3 major rescue forces,a Cannon troop from PLA Chengdu Military Area Command,a Cannon troop from PLA Jinan Military Area Command and Armed Police Forces of Sichuan Province, 32-42 days after the disaster rescue. A total of 170 subjects were tested with Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90）, and the results were compared with the norms of normal Chinese and Chinese serviceman. Student＇s t test was used to determine the significance of the differences. Results： A total of 78 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The total score of SCL-90 was 130. 25 ± 33.07 for the rescuers, the positive items was 27.59± 15. 75, and the mean factorial score was 1.28- 1.64. The somatization score was higher （P〈0.05） and the interpersonal sensitivity score was lower （P〈0.01） than the norms of the Chinese. The factorial scores of obsession, interper,sonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,paranoid and psychotic were lower than the norm of Chinese servicemen （all P〈0. 01）. Soldiers with experience of searching dead bodies had lower scores in sleep and food consumption, and higher score of positive items （ all P〈0. 01 for each） compared those without the related experience. Conclusion： The psychological status of the earthquake-rescuers is basically normal 32-42 days after the earthquake. Some positive items are associated with the experience such as body treatments. Surveillance of psychological disorders in these troops is helpful for the early diagnosis and intervention of psychological problems.