从现代大学的特征出发比较宋代书院与中世纪大学

Comparing Academies in Song Dynasty and Medieval Universities from the View of Modern University Characteristics

以现代大学的商业性、制度化、专业化、大众化、国际化等特征为参照，比较宋代书院与中世纪大学的异同得出：前者在经济发展、文化水平、办学内容、科学技术等方面皆远远超越后者，但后者实则为现代大学的真正起源。究其原因，后者服务功能更强，更为专业、系统和规范化，能够为下层人民提供教育机会，表现出了显著的国际化特征，体现了较强的学派容纳性和竞争性。

Referring the characteristics of commerce, systematization, specialization, popularization and internationalization of modern universities to compare academies in Song dynasty and medieval universities, and the results show that, the economic development, cultural level, school-rnnning content, scientific technology of the former surpass the later far away, but the later is the true origin of modern universities, and the reasons are： the serving functions of medieval universities are more strong, more special, more systematic and regulated, which can provide educational opportunities for popular citizens, embody distinctive international characteristics, strong inclusiveness for different schools and strong competiveness.