清代书院文学教育制度述论——以诂经精舍、学海堂为考察对象

About the Constitution of Literary Education in China’s Ancient Academies

在清代各种书院类型中,以诂经精舍、学海堂为代表的博习经史词章类书院,体现了清代学风和学术思想的特色,因而研究清代书院的文学教育制度,以诂经精舍和学海堂为考察对象,具有广泛的代表性和突出的典型性。两书院的文学教育制度体现为以下几个方面:一,办学宗旨上明确推崇纯正高雅的古体诗词文赋;二,在文学教育实施过程中,两书院的考课制度最为完善和严密;三,学生自学、教师讲授、师生讨论,是两书院文学教育制度中最根本有效的教育方式;四,雅集是两书院文学教育制度中最符合文人习性的一种教育方式。

In the all kinds of academy of the Qing dynasty,that type of academy emphasizing the textual study of Confucian classics and histories represented by Gujing Jingshe and Xuehai Tang in the learning style and academic thoughts of the Qing dynasty.The literary education systems of the two academies display as the follows.They had the greatest esteem for the antique style poetry and prose for the literary teaching purpose.They had perfect and strict test institutions in the courses of literature education.Self-teaching,tutoring and discussion are the essential teaching ways in the two academies.Aesthetic assembly is the most satisfying teaching way suitable for the literate habits and creative interests in literature education in the two academies.