进出口食品检验检疫与风险控制

Inspection,quarantine and risk control of import and export food

近几年，中国对外贸易以超过10％的速度持续增长，虽然中国食品进出口贸易，尤其是食品的出口受到进口国采取各种贸易技术性措施的影响，但在近几年还是处于一种持续增长状态。

<Abract>In recent years, the increase rate of China international trade exceeds 10%. The inspection and risk control of import and export food products is increasingly becoming important. In China, export food safety management system follows the principle of 'Prevention first, supervision at the source, and control throughout the process' the Chi-nese government has set up and improved an export-oriented food safety management framework which em-phasizes 'One pattern and Ten systems.' 'One pattern' refers to the managerial pattern for the production of exported food - 'enterprise + base + standardization.' Ten systems involve source monitoring( registration man-agement system of base, epidemics monitoring system and system of monitoring on pesticide and veterinary medicine residue), factory supervision (hygiene registra-tion system, system of classified management on food exporters and system of stationing inspection and quaran-tine official in large enterprises), product supervision (system of inspection and quarantine of exported food, system of quality tracing and recall and system of early risk warning), as well as the system of quality and credit for enterprises. For the imported food involving acceptable risk, a protocol on inspection and quarantine can be signed with relevant authorities of exporting country or region to make clear the requirement of inspection and quarantine. Per-form sanitary registration for foreign food producing, pro-cessing and storing firms that export food to China accord-ing to 'The Administrative Regulation on Registration of Foreign Producers for Imported Food'. Only the food produced by those with a sanitary registration is allowed for import. However, the methods of inspection and quarantine of imported and exported food is gradually changing. Legislation, standards and warning system, etc are constantly improved. Specially, Draft Food Safety Law, Special Regulations of the State Council on Strengthening Safety Supervision and Man-agement of Foods and Other Products as well as Draft Regula-tions on Supervision and Management of Inspection and Quar-antine of Import and Export Food were released in recent that are expected to play an important part in import and export food management. How to reduce the risk in food trade? The author gives his suggestions. First of all, the exporters and importers should analyse the risk of food properities and differences in standards between importing nd exporting countries. Therefore, collect-ing information becomes very crucial. Also, emergency re-sponse plan is emphasized, given that in face of food safety challenges, a proper response plan could help enterprises gain support from government, associations and authorities with least time, and finally control the loss and maintain their reputation.