污名化情境及其应对策略--流动人口的城市适应及其社区变迁的个案研究

The Stigmatic Situation and the Coping Strategies:A Case Study of the Adaptation of the Floating Population to Urban Life and the Community Change

面对污名化及其制度性排斥的社会情境,流动人口群体应当在社会互动和关系纽带基础上,形成以城市适应为中心的集体化应对策略来化解新环境的生存风险;同时这种日常生活实践化的集体关系网络关系到社区结构相互作用,进而影响社区的发展实践。笔者通过分析一个流动人口聚居区的社区实践过程,肯定了流动人口作为社会实践主体的能动性,从同化适应策略、关系性适应策略到发展性适应策略,不同时期的城市适应形态显示了流动人口面对污名化情境的自主选择性,并由此带来流动人口聚居区的社区整体结构变迁。

This paper discusses two topics:The first is about how the floating population uses collective strategies for the central concern of urban life adaptation derived from social interaction and relational ties in order to lower survival risks due to the stigmatic situation and the institutional exclusion;the second is about how the collective network based on daily-life practice interacts with the community structure,which in turn affects the development of the community.The author's empirical study of a community condense with migrating workers confirmed the initiative of these migrating workers as agents of social practice.Their adoption of different strategies for assimilation,relational adaptation and developmental adaptation to adjust to the urban life in different stages showed their self-determined selectivity when facing the stigmatic situation,which resulted in the overall structural change of the migration community.Placing the adaptation process of the floating population while adjusting to the urban life in the context of their community change,the author used the analytic approach focused on co-emerging and co-varying to overcome the simplification tendency in the assimilation theory so that a better understanding of the floating population could be achieved.