2Wein AJ,Kavoussi LR,Novick AC’et al. Campbell-Walshurology [M]. 11th Edition (International Edition). Philadel-phia, PA : Elsevier, Inc. ,2016.784.
3Shah MN,Devesa SS,Zhu K,et al. Trends in testiculargerm cell tumours by ethnic group in the United States[J].Int J Androl ,2007,30(4) :206-214.
4Levine H, Afek A ,Shamiss A ,et al. Risk of germ cell tes-ticular cancer according to origin:a migrant cohort studyin 1,100,000 Israeli men [J]. Int J Cancer,2013 ,132(8):1878-1885.
5Hemminki K, Mousavi SM, Brandt A ,et al. Histology-spe-cific risks in testicular cancer in immigrants to Sweden[J].Endocrine-Related Cancer,2010,17(2) : 329-334.
6Parkin DM,Whelan SL,Ferlay J,et al. Cancer Incidencein Five Continents[M]. Volume 8. Lyon, France :IARC Press,2002.
7Jacobsen R, Moller H,Thoresen SO ,et al. Trends in tes-ticular cancer incidence in the Nordic countries, focusingon the recent decrease in Denmark [J]. Int J Androl,2006,29(1):199-204.
8Chia VM,Quraishi SM,Devesa SS,et al. International trendsin the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 [J]. CancerEpidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2010,19(5): 1151-1159.
9Bery A,Matzkin H,Liphshitz I,et al. Epidemiologicalcharacteristics and trends of testicular cancer in Israel1992-2002[J]. Harefuah,2007,146(7): 515-519,575.
10Bray F,Richiardi L,Ekbom A,et al. Trends in testicularincidence and mortality in 22 European countries : continu-ing increases in incidence and declines in mortality[J]. IntJ Cancer,2006,118(12):3099-3111.