美国大学学科多样化的演化模式及其成因

Evolution Model and Cause of Diversification of American University Disciplines

19世纪80年代之后的美国,各种新兴学科迅速兴起而导致二战后美国大学学科高度多样化。美国大学学科的这种多样化生存样态是通过学科分化、专业联盟、学科显贵化和学科扩散等四种模式达成的,而教职训练的世俗化、学术研究的体制化和学术专业的组织化为大学学科多样化的发展提供了人员准备、理智源泉和组织基础,是美国大学学科多样化的生成原因。

After the1980s, a variety of new disciplines rose rapidly in America, resulting in high diversification of American University disciplines after the Second World War. Disciplinary parturition, program affiliation, dignification and dispersion are the evolution models of diversification of American university disciplines. The secularization of faculty training, the institutionalization of academic research and the organization of academic profession supply personnel preparation, intellectual source and organizing foundation to the diversification of American university disciplines and become the causes of it.