唐四镇地区基层行政治理研究——以于阗、龟兹两地村坊制度为中心的考察

Study on Grass-root Administration in the Four Garrison Commands of Anxi-Focusing Centering on the Village Administrative System at Khotan and Kucha

唐朝对安西四镇地区的基层行政治理是非常有效的。出土文书证明,乡里村坊名称出现于四镇地区.村、坊实施区域有明确的城野划分,村的命名采用"自名"原则。这些事实表明,四镇地区县以下地方行政体制是随着羁縻州制度在四镇的建立而诞生的,唐代的地方行政体制已经渗透到了四镇的最基层。村民差役的催驱由武官负责,这表明该地区在基层管理方面的地方特色。考察四镇地区的基层行政建制,有助于我们全面认识四镇的性质,有助于判断四镇所属蕃州县的具体位置。

The grass-root administration upon the'four garrison commands of Anxi'by the Tang court was very effective.It has been proved by unearthed documents that there were many villages with different names in the four commands and the boundary of these villages were clearly defined while the villages was named by self-name principle.The facts show that the local administrative system under county level in the four commands came into being as the detaining system was set up there and the administrative system of the Tang court permeated into the most basic level in the four commands.Inspection over the basic administrative system in the four commands will help us understand thoroughly the character of the four commands and recog- nize the precise location of the prefectures and counties under the jurisdiction of these four commands.