兼抗白粉病和条锈病的八倍体小偃麦的鉴定

Identification of Octoploid Trititrigia with Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust

为了选育兼抗小麦白粉病和条锈病的桥梁种质材料,对从中间偃麦草与普通小麦品种烟农15杂交后代中选育的3个小偃麦材料山农TE0537、TE0524和山农TE0543进行了形态学、细胞学和白粉病、条锈病抗性鉴定。结果表明,山农TE0537农艺性状较好,其主要性状介于双亲之间,对白粉病免疫,高抗条锈病,具有高度的细胞学稳定性,其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=56,PMC MI染色体构型为2n=28II;山农TE0524和山农TE0543对白粉病、条锈病均表现为高抗,根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=55,PMC MI平均染色体构型分别为2n=2.32I+26.22Ⅱ+0.06Ⅳ和2n=1.20I+26.90Ⅱ,在细胞学上尚不稳定。研究表明,3个小偃麦材料是小麦白粉病和条锈病的良好抗源,在小麦白粉病和条锈病的遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。

In order to breed new wheat germplasms with resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust, morphological,cytological,resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew analyses were conducted to identify 3 germplasm lines bred from the progenies of Elytrigia interrnediurn and Yannong 15. The results showed that line shannongTE0537 had favorable agronomic traits, with main morphological features between the male and female parents, and it was immune to powdery mildew and highly resistant to stripe rust. Its chromosome number of root tip cells was 2n=56,and the chromosome configuration at PMC MI was 2n= 28Ⅱ. The lines shannongTE0524 and shannongTE0543 were highly resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust. Their chromosome numbers of root tip cells were both 2n= 55, and chromosome configuration at PMC MI were 2n=2.32Ⅰ＋26.22Ⅱ＋0.06Ⅳ and 2n= 1.20Ⅰ＋26.90Ⅱ, respectively. These 3 lines have genes resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew and have important value in wheat breeding and genetic improvement.