小儿支原体肺炎78例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 78 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) in children.

目的探讨小儿支原体（MP）肺炎的发病特点、临床表现,并提高其诊断与治疗水平。方法采用回顾性研究方法对收治的78例支原体肺炎患儿的临床特点进行总结分析。结果①发病年龄多为学龄儿童,6～13岁38例（48.7%）。②持续发热伴刺激性咳嗽患儿72例（92.3%）,MP痰培炎阳性率低,仅为6.4%,但用颗粒凝集法检查血清MP-IgM阳性率高（91.0%）。外周血白细胞大多正常,少数低或高。胸片：双肺大片絮状阴影多,共70例（89.7%）,右肺45例,左肺25例。有肺外合并症21例（26.9%）,渗出性胸膜炎9例（4.3%）。③所有患儿用红霉素、阿奇霉素治疗均有良好效果。结论小儿MP肺炎多见于学龄儿童,颗粒凝集法检测血清MP-IgM阳性率高,有利于早期诊断及治疗。大环内脂类抗生素对MP肺炎疗效好。

Objective To observe the characteristics and clinical manifestation of mycoplasma pneumonia（MP）and improvement of diagnosis and treatment of MP.Methods The clinical feature in 78 cases of children infected with mycoplasma was analyzed retrospectively.Results ①The most cases of MP occurred in school children,38 cases in 6～13 years old（48.7%）.②The 72 cases of children had sustained fever and irritating cough（92.3%）.The positive rate of sputum culture from patients is only 6.4% and the positive rate of MP-IgM in serum is 91.0% by particle agglutination method.The number of peripheral white blood in most cases is normal.The chest-X-ray film shown large flocculent shadow in te lungs of 70 cases（89.7%）and the large flocculent shadow might found in 45 cases of right lung and 25 cases of left lung.There were the complications out of pulmonary in 21 cases（26.9%）,exudative pleurisy in 9 cases（4.3%）.③The cure effect for MP with erythromycin and azithromycin is notable.Conclusion The most cases of MP occurred in school children.The high positive rate of MP-IgM may found in the serum of patients by particle agglutination method,which is benefit for early diagnosis and treatment.In treatment,the cure effect for MP with erythromycin and azithromycin is notable.