赫尔德的“文化民族”或民粹主义

Herder's Cultural Nationalism or Populism

赫尔德将复数的文化观念引入德意志的思想体系,并且将语言、文化、历史与民族等相互关联的问题勾连成一体。他成为处于两条分水岭之间的人物,一条是启蒙运动与浪漫主义运动的分水岭,一条是民粹主义与民族主义的分水岭。赫尔德对民族文化,尤其是民歌、史诗,一生眷恋,文化意义上的民族被他视为真正的社会实体。这使得他的理论在其身后复杂的历史环境中被涂抹上政治色彩,"文化民族"逐渐被演化为激进的"民族主义"。这一结局有违赫尔德的初衷。

Herder introduced the plural-culture conception into German ideological system, and combined those related issues （conceptions） such as language, culture, history and nation togather. He became two watershed-characters： the watershed between Enlightenment and Romanticism, and the watershed between populism and nationalism. Herder hankered after national culiure, especially volkslied and epic, and considered cultural nation as the real social entity, which made his theories smeared with political colors in the complicated historical environment after his death. Cultural nation was gradually evolved into radical nationalism. This outcome is abso- lutely against the original intention of Herder.