黄河上游水文情报预报的发展与应用

Development and application of hydrological forecast in the upstream of Yellow River

黄河上游流域人烟稀少，经济不发达。６０年代前水文站网寥寥无几。７０、８０年代，黄委会上游水文水资源局，在该地区的黄河干流上恢复、新建了一批水文站，并在其主要支流设立了水文站。这些站网现控制着康乃亥以上流域的广大地区；同时设施、设备水平也不断提高。１９８８年洪水预报面积已发展到３６万ｋｍ２，精度由８０％提高到９０％以上，并建立了黄河上游中长期径流预报系统。冰情预报也从７０年代前的３项发展到７项，近年还开展了黄河上游的沙情预报。这些为黄河上游水电开发利用，防洪、防凌做出了积极的贡献。

It is sparsely populated in the upstream of Yellow River with a less developed economy.There are very few hydrological stations in the area before 1960s.But during 1970s and 1980s,the Hydrological and Water Resources Bureau of the Yellow River Water Resources Commission has rehabilitated and built a lot of hydrological stations in the stem of Yellow River and its main tributaries.In 1988,the area of flood forecasting covered 0 36 million km 2 and its forecast precision increased from 80% to over 90%.A middle and long term runoff forecasting system for the upstream of Yellow River has been set up.The ice regime forecast has been developed from 3 items before 1970s to 7 items now.In recent years,the sediment situation forecasting for the upstream of Yellow River has also been developed.All these make contributions to the development of power generation,flood control and ice prevention in the upstream of Yellow River.