控压钻井技术探讨与展望

Discussion and Prospect of Managed Pressure Drilling Technology

所有的现代油气井钻井技术均包含控压钻井技术,明确这一概念,对组织实施和研究发展这一技术至关重要。指出控压钻井技术的应用范围应包括过平衡钻井、近平衡钻井、欠平衡钻井、精细控压钻井及自动(闭环)控压钻井。其中精细控压钻井技术是指在钻井过程中,能够精确控制井筒环空压力剖面、有效实现安全钻井的钻井技术。对不同控压钻井方式的定义分别进行了明确的阐述,分析了控压钻井技术的现状。从用途出发,将控压钻井技术分成了5级,这将有利于钻井施工的安全评估。对控压钻井技术下步发展方向提出了建议,并指出未来控压钻井技术发展的目标是在钻井过程中,能够自动随钻监测环空压力剖面,反馈至地面后能自动调整流量和回压等控制参数,实现环空压力的闭环监测与控制。

Managed pressure drilling technology （MPD） exists in all modern oil and gas wells＇ drilling technology. Knowing this idea is very important to carry out and conduct research in this technology. Delicate Managed Pressure Drilling （DMPD） and Auto Close-loop Managed Pressure Drilling were proposed in this paper. MPD may be used in Overbalanced Drilling, Near-balanced Drilling, Underbalanced Drilling, DMPD and Auto Close-loop MPD, etc. The DMPD refers to accurately control the pressure profile in annulus during drilling process and thus achieve safely drilling. Definitions and developments of various MPD technologies are presented. The MPD is divided into 5 grades in terms of usage, which is helpful for the purpose of evaluating drilling safety. The paper suggests the future development of MPD and its objective, which is automatic measurement of annular pressure profile while drilling and provides feedback to the surface to automatically adjusting factors of flow out and trapped pressure so that the close-loop measurement and control are achieved.