系统健康教育对血液透析患者护理服务质量的影响

The Effect of Systematic Health Education on Quality of Nursing Care for Patients with Hemodialysis

目的通过系统健康教育提高血液透析患者的存活率和生活质量,并进一步提高护理服务质量。方法对2007年5-10月接受血液透析的患者60例进行系统健康教育(包括护理人员血液透析知识的培训、患者基本情况和病情的评估以及健康教育措施的落实),并评估实验前后患者的满意度及血压、高血钾发生率、瘘管堵塞率、肌酐等病情观察指标。结果实验前后患者对血透室护理工作满意率分别为81.96%和99.70%,就介绍血透注意事项、內瘘的按压和护理、药物及饮食指导等条目实验前后有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验前,血液透析患者发生高血钾2例、内瘘闭塞4例,实验后仅发生1例内瘘闭塞(P<0.05);实施系统健康教育后,血液透析患者的透析后血压、透析前后肌酐均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论系统的健康教育可提高血液透析患者对疾病的认识和自我管理能力,提高其存活率和生活质量;同时,也有助于不断提高护理服务质量,提升护理人员的整体素质。

Objective To apply systematic health education to patients with hemodialysis,so as to improve their survival rate, quality of life,and satisfaction to nursing care. Methods Systematic health education,including nurses＇ hemodialysis knowledge training, patients＇ general information and health assessment, and implementation of health education,was provided to 60 patients with dialysis underwent hemodialysis from May to October of 2007. Patient satisfaction, blood pressure, incidence of hyperpotassemia, incidence of fistula occlusion,and creatinine were measured before and after the systematic health education.Results The patient satisfaction rate were 81.96% and 99.70% before and after the systematic health The patient satisfaction rate were 81.96% and 99.70% before and after the systematic health education respectively （P〈0.01）. Before the experiment, there were 2 cases of hyperpotassemia and 4 cases of fistula occlusion. But after the experiment, there was only 1 case of fistula occlusion （P〈0.05）. Both of the blood pressure and level of creatinine after the experiment were significantly lower than those before the experiment （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The systematic health education could make the patients be more knowledgeable and capable of self-care, improving their survival rate and quality of life. The systematic health education could also improve the quality of nursing care and promote the total quality of nurse team.