不同资源要素对我国地区经济增长的作用

Role of Different Resource Factors in Regional Economic Growth in China

我国经济经过近三十年的高速增长后,对自然资源开发和利用的速度成倍增长,从而出现了自然资源短缺、对经济增长约束增强的趋势。哪种资源对我国经济的限制性更强,哪些地区对资源具有更强的依赖性,这是我国现阶段不得不重新思考的问题。该文选择水资源、资本资源和人力资源分别代表自然资源、经济资源和社会资源,通过其使用效率和供给产出弹性等特点,分析经济对其依赖性及其对我国经济的约束程度,以重新认识不同资源要素在我国经济增长中的作用,探寻我国现阶段经济发展对资源选择的基本途径。

After economic rapid growth for nearly thirty years, the development and utilization of natural resource was increased apace. Which resource is restricted mostly to economic growth among natural, economic and social resources？ Which area does need more natural resource between inner and coastal areas？ These are important issues that have to be recognized again for the next national strategy. Water resource, capital resource and human resource has been denoted to indicate natural resource, economic resource and social resource in this paper respectively. The utilization efficiency of each resource is applied by the ratio of GDP to the quantity of each resource which has been used. Higher efficiency value means that economy depends more on this kind of resource. The supply--output elasticity of each resource is applied by the ratio of the quantity of each resource which has supplied to GDP. The higher of the value is, the less of the resource restricts to economic development. After comparing the values of utilization efficiency and supply--output elasticity of 31 provincial units, the author gets some conclusions as follows： Capital has not the main factor which restricted economic growth anymore; Economic growth depends on natural resource more than other two resources. Meanwhile, human resource has to be used to raise the utilization efficiency of natural resource optimistlcally. Especially, it is more necessary that the utilization efficiency of natural and human resources might be raised more in inner area than in the coastal area.