新疆有效灌溉面积动态变化

Change of Effectively Irrigated Area in Xinjiang

有效灌溉面积是衡量区域粮食安全的重要指标。研究表明：新疆有效灌溉面积1999-2000年有一个大下滑，之后增幅很小，且有效灌溉面积占总耕地面积的比值有下降趋势，并处于较低水平。有效灌溉面积减少的情势不容乐观，从1998-2004年年均有效灌溉面积减少量达2.167万hm^2，其中粮食主产区面积减少占45％。新疆大部分地区粮食是自给自足，有效灌溉面积的减少势必会影响当地粮食安全，进而影响当地人民的安居乐业。图6，表1，参13。

Effectively irrigated area is a measure of regional food security as an important indicator. This paper gives some suggestions for protecting effectively irrigated area based on the analysis of dynamic change of effectively irrigated area and driving forces of the change. The resuits showed that the effective irrigated area of Xinjiang had a large decline from 1999 to 2000, after that, the growth was very small, and the ratio of effective irrigation area accounted for the total cultivated land area showed a downward trend, the level is still relatively lower. Effectively irrigated area had a declining trend and it was not optimistic, during the periods of 1998 - 2004, the annual average decrement of effectively irrigated area was 2.167×10^4hm^2, taking for 1 percent of annual average total area of effectively irrigated area. Fourty-five percent of the reduction happened in Main Grain Producing areas. A dozens of reasons contribute to the decreased area of effectively irrigated land including outdated irrigation facility, inappropriate management of pump and well, water shortage, occupation of fanuland by construction puiposes and farmland conversing into forestry land. Grain is autarky in most area ofXinjiang. The drop of the effective irrigated area must impact the security of grain, furthermore it also affect the local people＇s happy life.