1Waterer GW,Wunderink RG.Controversies in the diagnosis of ventilator-acquired pneumonia.In:Niederman MS,Sarosi GA,Glassroth J,eds.Respir Infect.2 nd ed.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams &Wilkins,2001.1565-1581.
2Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults:diagnosis,assessment of severity,initial antimicrobial therapy,and preventive strategies.A consensus statement,American Thoracic Society,November 1995.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1996,153:1711-1725.
3Ewig S,Bauer T,Torres A.The pulmonary physician in critical care * 4:Nosocomial pneumonia.Thorax,2002,57:366-371.
4Young PJ,Ridley SA.Ventilator-associated pneumonia.Diagnosis,pathogenesis and prevention.Anaesthesia,1999,54:1183-1197.
5Corley DE,Kirtland SH,Winterbauer RH,et al.Reproducibility of the histologic diagnosis of pneumonia among a panel of four pathologists:analysis of a gold standard.Chest,1997,112:458-465.
6Wunderink RG.Clinical criteria in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Chest,2000,117(4 Suppl 2):191S-194S.
7Bonten MJ.Controversies on diagnosis and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,1999,34:199-204.
8Fagon JY,Chastre J,Wolff M,et al.Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.A randomized trial.Ann Intern Med,2000,132:621-630.
9Singh N,Rogers P,Atwood CW,et al.Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit.A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2000,162(2 Pt 1):505-511.
10Pugin J,Auckenthaler R,Mili N,et al.Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic ''blind'' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Am Rev Respir Dis,1991,143(5 Pt 1):1121-1129.