我国急性中毒流行病学现状分析

Analysis of Epidemiology of acute Poisoning in China

目的研究我国急性中毒的流行病学特点，为今后制定急性中毒控制规划提供依据。方法通过广泛的文献检索和搜集，采用荟萃（Meta）分析，对我国1994年1月至2007年9月中国医院知识库发表的研究急诊科急性中毒临床流行病学调查结果进行汇总、归纳和统计分析。结果共检索到文献714篇，其中24篇进入Meta分析。总计报告急性中毒27908例；男女比例为1：1．31。急性中毒患者中，20—29岁占40．28％，30—39岁占21．05％。患者主要为农民（占20．24％），其他职业依次为待业（占19．82％）、员工（占16．87％）、学生（占13．87％）。毒物种类以药物（26．49％）、乙醇（22．80％）、一氧化碳（14．94％）、食物（10．90％）、农药（10．71％）为主。自杀是常见的中毒原因（占57．87％），80．77％为口服中毒，74．27％在家中中毒。急性中毒病死率为2．06％，死亡患者中毒毒种以农药（26．74％）、毒蘑菇（12．30％）为主。结论本报告提供了近期我国急诊科急性中毒的流行病学模式，为今后国家制定急性中毒治疗预防措施提供参考依据。

Objective To understand the epidemiological feature of acute poisoning in China via systematically reviewing available published from January 1994 to September 2007. Methods Date souree：all articles from January 1994 to September 2007 relevant to acute poisoning in main land of China were identified through ＂CHKD＂ search and article bibliographies. Results 715 articles were identified,25 of which were selected for Meta-analysis based on inclusion and criteria. A total of 27 908 acute poisoning cases were reported in 24 articles,in which the female to male ration was 1.31：1. In patients admitted to the emergency department,40.28% were at the age of 20 to 29 and 21.05% at the age of 30 to 39. The common occupations of these were peasants （20.24%） ,unemployment 19.82% ,staffs 16.87% and students 13.87%. The common poisons were medicine 26.49%, alcohol 22.80%, carbon monoxide 14.94%, food poisoning 10. 90%, pesticide poisoning 10.71%. Suicide was the most common cause of poisoning（ 57.87 % ）, in these patients and oral ingestion was the frequently route of poisoning（80.77% ） ,and the most often location of poisoning was at home（74.27% ）. The general fatal rate of acute poisoning was 2.06%. The common poisons of fatal poisoning patients were pesticide poisoning 26.74%, poisonous fungus 12.30%. Conclusion This study provides the recent epidemiological pattern of acute poisoning in China,which axe valuable for making policies and taking effective measures to prevent and treat poisoning.