阿米洛利的神经保护作用

Neuroprotective Effects of Amiloride

阿米洛利是一种上皮细胞钠离子通道（ENaC）阻滞药，作为一种保钾利尿药已在临床应用了数十年。研究表明，中枢神经系统的多种离子通道对阿米洛利敏感，如酸敏感离子通道（ASIC）、Na^＋／H^＋交换泵等。这些通道具有重要的生理功能，而且还可能参与了脑缺血、组织酸中毒等病理学过程。阿米洛利通过阻滞这些通道，呈现出减轻缺血和酸化介导的神经元损伤等效应，很有可能成为治疗脑缺血等的新型神经保护剂。

Amiloride is an epithelial Na^＋ channel （EnaC） blocker. As a potassium-sparing diuretic, it has been used in clinical practice for decades of years. Studies have shown that many ion channels were sensitive to amiloride in the central nervous system, such as acid-sensitive ion channel （A SIC） and Na^＋/H^＋ exchanger. These channels have important physiological functions, and participate in pathological processes such as cerebral ischemia and tissue acidosis. It has demonstrated that amiloride reduces the effects of ischemia- and acid-mediated neuronal injury by blocking these channels, which may become a novel neuroprotective agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.