果树2n配子研究进展

Advances in Research of 2n Gametes in Fruit Trees

植物在进化过程中能产生低频率的未减数分裂配子,即2n配子,它在果树育种方面发挥着重要的作用。本文详述了2n配子的主要研究概况、发生途径及影响因素,为其在植物育种、种质利用和种质创新等方面提供了重要的应用基础。同时,通过近年的研究成果,总结出诱导方法和人工分离纯化方法,不同品种可根据其不同的生理生化特性选择合适的方法。另外,也叙述了2n配子在果树方面的特殊应用潜力,即在有性多倍化、稳定传递杂合性、克服自交不亲和和克服胚乳平衡数障碍方面有其他育种方法无法比拟的优势。因此,2n配子育种将会是一种重要的育种途径。

On the basis of the plant breeding can be found through study results, unreduced gametes（2n gametes） which are less and very important for out plant evolution. The present paper reviewed the general researches, the classification, the formational mechanism and the influencing factors about 2n gametes, and these could give possible for our work on breeding, utilization and innovation. Concluding a lots of fruit researches, the main kinds of ways on breeding about inducing and artificial purity of 2n pollen were summarized. So different methods could be selected for various fruit pollens. In addition, the 2n gametes hybrid offsprings have many advantages such as the sexual polyploidization and the transfering of heterozygosity stably, it aslo could avoid the phenomenons on self-incompatibility and Endosperm balance number （EBN） which other ways of breeding can bring. So, in the future, the breeding way through 2n gametes is welcome.