华北平原小麦施肥现状及影响小麦产量的因素分析

Analysis on Fertilizer Applied and the Central Factors Influencing Grain Yield of Wheat in the Northern China Plain

针对近年来华北平原水肥投入不断增加而小麦单产徘徊不前的局面,本研究对山东省惠民县小麦的施肥现状和影响小麦产量的主要因素进行了调查。结果表明,研究地区小麦季农民习惯的氮磷钾肥投入量在不同农户间差异较大,平均为424 kg/hm2N,226 kg/hm2P2O5,88 kg/hm2K2O,其中氮磷肥用量已远超过同期作物养分消耗量。在现有的小麦产量水平和施肥水平条件下,土壤有机质含量和亩穗数对小麦产量的贡献最大,其次为土壤速效磷含量和穗粒数,土壤速效钾和千粒重与小麦籽粒产量没有明显相关性。由于过量氮磷肥施用和高的土壤速效钾含量,不同农户间施肥量的差异对小麦产量影响较小。

Aiming to the status which grain yield of wheat wasn＇t increase by increasing fertilizer and water quantity, a farmer＇s fertilization inquiry coupled with soil and grain yield analysis was conducted to analyze the central factors influencing grain yield of wheat in Huimin county, Shandong province. The results showed that, the farmer applied about 424 kg/ha N, 226 kg/ha P2O5 and 88 kg/ha K2O included organic fertilizer to wheat in investigated sites, and the amount of N and P fertilizer applied was more than crop N and P uptake. Significant farmer-to-farmer differences in fertilizer rate were found. Under farmer＇s fertilization and soil fertility condition, grain yield of wheat had close relation with soil organic matter and spike number per acreage, weak relation with soil Olsen-P and seed number per spike and no relation with soil exchanged K and weight per thousand seeds. Added increment of fertilizer didn＇t increase grain yield of wheat with the farmer＇s fertilization practice because of high N and P fertilizer applied and high soil exchanged K content.