圈养环境中不同来源成年雄性马麝的行为差异

Behavioral differences between wild-caught and captive-bred adult male alpine musk deer in enclosure environment

于2004年8月—2005年1月,采用焦点取样和连续记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区马麝(Moschus sifanicus)繁育中心的雄性马麝进行了行为取样。按照动物来源,将样本动物区分为野捕雄麝(17头)和圈养繁殖雄麝(6头),记录了静卧及站立凝视等12种行为的发生频次,并分别对其在交配季节和非交配季节的行为发生频率进行比较。结果表明,由于圈养环境和管理模式相同,甘肃兴隆山繁育中心的野捕和圈养繁殖马麝的总体行为格局类似,但由于幼年期人工哺乳等因素对其行为发育的影响,野捕雄麝在非交配季节和交配季节的冲突行为的表达频次显著多于圈养繁殖雄麝(P<0.05),而圈养繁殖雄麝在交配季节的亲和行为极显著地多于野捕雄麝(P<0.01)。此外,雄麝在非交配季节的静卧行为发生频次极显著地多于交配季节(P<0.01),而在交配季节的站立凝视、运动和环境探究及冲突的发生频次均极显著地比非交配季节多(P<0.01)。

The behavior of alpine musk deer （ Moschus sifanicus） has been poorly documented, and the captive breeding management of the deer has been primarily based on trial and error. The main aim of this study was to record and compare the behavioral patterns of wild-caught and cap- tive-born adult male alpine musk deer to explore their potential differences. During August 2004 to January 2005, the behavioral patterns of the deer were recorded at the Musk Deer Breed Cen- ter in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province of China. Focal sampling and all- occurrence recording were used to observe the behaviors of 17 wild-caught （WC） and 6 captive- born （CB） adult males, The frequencies of 12 behaviors such as resting and standing-alert were recorded, and the behavioral frequencies in mating and non-mating seasons were compared. The results showed that most of the behavioral patterns between WC and CB male musk deer were not significantly different, because of the same enclosure environment and management model. How- ever, due to the effects of artificial lactation on their behavioral development in infancy, the WC males expressed significantly more frequent conflict interactions than the CB males （ P 〈 0. 05 ） in both non-mating and mating seasons, while the CB males exhibited more frequent amicable inter- actions than the WC males （P 〈 0. 01 ） in mating season. Furthermore, the males expressed sig- nificantly less frequent resting behavior but more standing-alert, locomotion, environment sniffing, and conflict interaction in mating season than in non-mating season （P 〈0. 01 ）.