青藏铁路格拉段野生动物通道利用效果

Utilization Effect of Wildlife Passages in Golmud-Lhasa Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

根据不同动物的生活习性和区域特点,在青藏铁路格拉段设计了桥梁下方通道、隧道上方通道和缓坡平交通道3种基本类型的野生动物通道33处。采用自动录像观测、定点观测和动态观测3种方法,以藏羚为主要观测对象,兼顾其他物种,以可可西里通道为主要观测地点进行观测。分析2004年至2007年的观测数据可知:可可西里通道使用率最高;藏羚利用通道进行迁徙的数量逐年增多,上迁时全部使用通道,回迁时通道的使用效率提升明显,2007年达到100%;藏羚在穿越铁路前徘徊和停留的时间也在逐渐缩短;铁路正式运营未引起通道使用率下降。说明:可可西里通道使用率高,藏羚等野生动物已逐步适应利用通道进行迁徙,铁路建设和运营未对沿线野生动物种群交流和繁殖产生影响。

According to the life habits of different animals and the characteristics of different regions, 33 wildlife passages have been designed and established in Golmud-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway. There are three basic types of wildlife passages, under-bridge passages, above-tunnel passages and gentle slope level crossing passages. Three methods are adopted for observation, namely, automatic-video observation, fixed-point observation and dynamic observation. The observations are carried through mainly in Hohxil passage, taking Tibetan antelopes as the main observation targets and also giving attention to other species. By analyzing the observational data from 2004 to 2007, we can know that the utilization rate of Hohxil passage is the highest. The number of Tibetan antelopes, making use of wildlife passages to migrate, is increasing year after year. Wildlife passages have been fully utilized during their up-migration. The utilization rate of wildlife passages for their down-migration has been, evidently improved, and reached 100% in 2007. The lingering and stopping time has been gradually shortened before Tibetan antelopes passing through railway. Railway operation does not affect the utilization rate of wildlife passages, which shows that the utilization rate of Hohxil passage is very high. Wildlife such as Tibetan antelopes have step by step adapted to migrating through passages. Railway construction and operation have no influence on wildlife communication and propagation along Qinghai-Tibet Railway.