地方理工大学新生心理健康状况调查

Surveys of mental health status in freshmen of local university of science and engineering

目的探讨地方理工大学新生的心理健康状况,为更好地培养学生良好的心理素质,有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法对河南理工大学2007级2729名新生应用症状自评量表进行测评分析、3005名新生应用大学生人格问卷进行测评分析。结果(1)高校新生心理健康水平高于全国成人常模和大学生常模。(2)症状自评量表测评,14.40%疑有心理问题;大学生人格问卷测评,8.84%有心理疾病或心理障碍,37.93%存在一般心理问题。(3)心理问题主要表现在强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执、敌对、焦虑和精神病性等方面。(4)男生较女生易于敌对,女生较男生易于恐怖;独生子女在心理素质方面存在优势;来自中等城市的学生心理素质最佳,大城市、小城镇次之,农村和边远农村最差;既往有重大病史学生较无重大病史学生更易于出现人际关系敏感和精神病性问题;近亲中有重大精神问题学生较无这种情况学生更容易出现多方面的心理问题;学生对专业满意度越高,其心理健康状况越好。结论地方理工大学新生心理健康状况较好,但也不容乐观,也需要从多方面、多层次开展心理健康教育。

Objective To explore mental health status of freshmen of local university of science and engineering to cultivate students＇ favourable psychological diathesis preferably and to provide bases for developing mental health education purposely. Methods Assessments were conducted with the Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90） in 2729 freshmen and with the Udergraduates Personality Inventory（UPI） in 3005 ones of Henan University of Science and Engineering in 2007. Results （1）Mental health levels were higher of the freshmen than national adult and undergraduates＇norm. （2）According to the SCL-90,14. 40% of them were doubtful of psycho-problems;according to the UPI,8. 84% had mental illness or mental disorders,27. 93% did general psycho-problems. （3）The main manifestations were compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitiveness, depression, paranoia, hostility, anxiety and psychotics. （4） The male were susceptible to hostility and the female to phobia;only children had advantages in psychological diathesis;the psychological diathesis of the students from medium-sized city was best,that of ones from large city and town next and that of ones from countryside and remote countryside the worst;students with past graveness medical hitory were more suscptible to interpersonal sensitiveness and psychotic problems than ones without; students with close relatives had grave psycho-problems were more suscptible to multifold psycho-problems than ones without;the higher of the students＇ satisfaction to speciality,the better of the mental health status. Conclusion Mental health status of freshmen of local university of science and engineering is better but tolerates no optimism,and needs versatiliy and multistrata mental health education.