产后抑郁及其相关心理社会因素调查

Investigations of postpartum depression and correlated psychosocial factors

目的探讨产后抑郁的发生率及其相关的心理社会因素,为早期心理卫生干预提供依据。方法采用爱丁堡抑郁量表及自拟的心理社会因素调查表对350例初产妇产后6w的抑郁状况进行测评分析。结果产后抑郁的发生率为22%,其中轻度占90.6%,中度占9.4%。产妇的年龄、学历、婴儿性别、分娩过程、婆媳关系不同,对产后抑郁的影响有显著性差异(P<0.05);夫妻关系、产后护理、居住条件、产后睡眠状况不同,对产后抑郁影响有极显著性差异(P<0.01);而产妇的职业、家庭收入、喂养方式不同,对产后抑郁影响无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论初产妇产后抑郁发生率较高,心理社会因素对产后抑郁的影响不容忽视。我们应做好孕产妇在围产期中的心理卫生保健工作,使产妇愉快地度过情感危险期,从而降低产褥期抑郁的发生。

Objective To explore the incidence of postpartum depression and correlated psychosocial factors to provide bases for early mental health intervention. Methods Assessments of depression status were conducted with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale（EPDS）and the Self-made Psychosocial Factor Questionnaire（SPFQ） in 350 primipara for 6 weeks after parturition. Results The incidence of post- partum depression was 22%, that of mild depression 90.6% and moderate 9.4%. There were significant differences in effects of parturients＇ ages and educational history,infant gender,labor process and relationships of mothers and daughters-in-law on postpartum depression（P〈0. 05）; there were very significant differences in the effects of spousal relationships, postnatal cares, dwell conditions and postnatal sleep status on postpartum depression（P〈0.01） ;there were no significant differences in the effects of parturients＇ occupations,family incomes and feeding patterns（P〉0.05）. Conclusuion The incidence of postpartum depression in primipara is higher and influences of psychosocial factors on postpartum depression cannot be ignored. Mental health services should be thought highly of during perinatal period to make parturients live through affect crises enjoyably,accordingly to reduce the developments of postpartum depression.