略论清儒对“汉学”、“宋学”的继承与创新——以清儒对周天子宗庙祭祖礼制的诠释为中心

A Research on the Succession and Innovation by the Confucian Scholars of the Qing Dynasty of the Han and the Song school of classical philology——The sacrificial ritual System of the emperors' ancestral temple of the Zhou Dynasty explained by the Confuci

关于儒家经典记载的周代天子宗庙四时祭,清儒既有遵循郑玄学说者,以《周礼》、《诗经》、《公羊传》、《尔雅》记载的四时祭名为周代礼制,《礼记》之《王制》、《郊特牲》、《祭义》、《祭统》记载的四时祭名为夏、商礼制,也有对郑玄学说提出异议者,认为上述文献记载的皆为周代礼制。就"禘"、"祫"祭祖礼制而言,清儒或遵循郑玄等汉儒之说,或遵循赵匡、王安石等唐、宋儒者之说,或折中诸说,或另倡新说,对"禘"、"祫"祭礼名实异同,"禘"祭礼的含义,"禘"、"祫"祭礼类型,"禘"、"祫"祭礼举行的时间间隔等问题进行诠释。以"汉学"、"宋学"对清儒经学诠释进行畛域分明的划分,则有失简单。

As far as the ＂sishiji＂（ 四时祭 ）recorded by the Confucian canons were concerned, the Confucian Scholars of the Qing Dynasty either followed ZhengXuan＇ s teaching that ZhouLi, ShiJing, GongYangzhuan and ErYa recorded the Zhou Dynasty＇ s ritual system, WangZhi, JiaoTeSheng, JiYi and JiTong that included in LiJi recorded the Xia or Shang Dynasty＇ s ritual system. or questioned ZhengXuan＇s teachings that the ＂sishiji＂ recorded by the canons above-mentioned were the Zhou Dynasty＇s ritual system . As far as the Di（褅） and Xia（袷） sacrifice ritual system were concerned, The Confucian Scholars of the Qing Dynasty either followed ZhengXuan＇s teaching, or followed ZhaoKuang, WangAnshi＇s teaching, or compromised teachings put forward formerly, or initiated new teachings, explained such questiones as the similarities and differences, the types and the intervals of the Di（褅） and Xia（袷） , the meaning of the Di（褅）. It is simple to make a clear distinction between the Han and the Song school of classical philology on the Confucian canons explained by the Confucian Scholars of the Qing Dynasty.