国际原子能机构与核保障制度

International Atomic Energy Agency and Nuclear Safeguards System

核保障制度作为国际核能秩序的重要组成部分,是以国际原子能机构规约的核保障条款为依据,以核保障协定范本为基础,以国际原子能机构与其成员国或其他当事方之间的保障协定为主要内容,用以控制核能用于军事目的的法律制度。国际原子能机构作为国家之间在核能领域开展多边合作的有效形式,既是核保障的制度探索产物,又为核保障制度的产生、发展和实施提供了可资依附的常设机构。中国作为有核国家,虽然曾对核保障制度采取抵制的态度,但随着国际关系的变化和自身实力的增强,已经并正在为核保障制度的完善与实施发挥着积极的作用。

Nuclear safeguards system （NSS）, as an important component of international nuclear energy order, is based on nuclear safeguards provisions of the International Atomic Energy Agency （ IAEA ） and underpinned by nuclear safeguards model agreements. Its main content consists of the safeguards agreements between IAEA and its members or other parties involved, and it serves as a legal system to control the use of nuclear energy for military purposes. IAEA, as an effective forum for multilateral cooperatiun in the field of nuclear energy among countries, is not only the result of exploring NSS, but it also serves as a standing body on which the establishment, development and implementation of NSS can depend. China, as a nuclear country, once adopted a hostile attitude towards NSS, but it has played and is playing an active role in improving and implementing NSS, along with the constant change of international relations and the enhancement of its overall strength.