孟子“以意逆志”与经典阐释

Mengzi "Inferring Will from Meaning" and Classics Explanation

孟子的"以意逆志"说是中国阐释学的开山纲领,前人所以对它产生误读,最根本的原因就在没有认识到"辞"在上古乃指一种假托曲饰、言近旨远的特殊语体。从理论上看,"以意逆志"主要是说文本阐释应当做到"不以文害辞,不以辞害志",要善于为修辞性的话语遮蔽进行解蔽,而在实际应用中它却常常被借用来通过修辞性话语的自由指认,为古代经典的创新阐释提供合法的理论支持。

Mengzi＇s doctrine of ＂inferring will from meaning＂ is the first creed of Chinese explanation theory. The radical reason that forefathers misunderstood it was they did not know that Ci is a kind of special style of writing which differ from written and spoken language, and emphasize rhetoric and complicated expression. This doctrine mainly mean in terms of theory that text explanation ＂should not misunderstand Ci and an author＇s will because of rhetoric＂, and should be adept in spotting what rhetoric utterances actually express, but in fact it is often taken advantage of to lawfully provide theoretical support for the creative explanation of classics by arbitrary assumption of rhetoric utterances.