南方丘陵季节性干旱区节水稻作模式综合效益评价体系研究

Evaluation of comprehensive benefit on water-saving rice cultivation patterns in seasonal droughts hilly region of southern China

针对南方丘陵区季节性干旱状况和稻作发展的基本特点,以节水稻作模式为研究对象,借鉴层次分析法(AHP)的基本原理,遵循科学、实用及简明的原则,构建南方丘陵区节水稻作模式综合效益评价模型,提出以经济效益、生态环境效益和社会效益3方面综合效益评价的16项评价指标.并以国家863"项目推广示范的节水灌溉双季稻模式、水旱轮作双季稻模式、稻油轮作模式3种节水稻作模式和当地常规双季稻模式为例,利用所建模型进行综合评价.结果表明,3种节水稻作模式的综合效益均优于该区常规稻作模式,以稻油轮作模式综合效益最高.因此,在南方丘陵季节性干旱双季稻区适当发展稻油轮作节水稻作模式具有良好的前景.该评价结果可为南方丘陵季节性干旱区水资源高效利用和稻作持续健康发展提供理论依据.

Based on the season droughts and situation of rice cultivation in hilly region of southern China, the analytic hierarchical process theory is applied to establish a mathematical model and indicators system for evaluating the comprehensive benefits of water-saving rice cultivation patterns. The evaluation indictors system is proposed abiding by principles of being scientific, practical and concise. The indicators system includes three aspects that reflect the primary benefits of water-saving rice cultivation patterns; there are economic, social and eco-environmental benefits. The evaluation model and the indicators system were carried out to evaluate synthetically the comprehensive benefit of water-saving rice cultivation patterns. The three demonstration patterns of water-saving rice cultivation （the water-saving irrigation double cropping rice pattern, the double cropping rice pattern of flood-drought cultivation, and water-saving rice cultivation pattern of rice and rape rotation） in the native ＂863＂ special project and the conventional double cropping rice pattern were taken as research projects in seasonal droughts hilly region of southern China. The evaluation results indicate that the integrated benefits of the water-saving rice cultivation patterns were higher than that of the conventional double cropping rice pattern, especially of water-saving rice cultivation pattern of rice and rape rotation. Therefore, the application of water- saving rice cultivation pattern of rice and rape rotation has a promising future, and furthermore, the evaluation model can be served as theoretical evidence for the management of, as well as further research on, water-saving rice cultivation patterns in seasonal droughts hilly region of southern China.