随钻测井数据传输技术应用现状及展望

Application Status and Prospect of LWD Data Transmission Technology

介绍了随钻测井通信系统的数据传输方式、实现原理及国内外应用现状,分析了各传输方式的性能优缺点及应用局限性。对随钻测井数据传输技术的发展和攻关方向提出了展望。有线传输向双向高速率实时通讯发展,既能向井底供电又能双向传输数据的智能钻柱,解决井下面临的数据传输滞后和井下供电不足问题。目前通用的钻井液脉冲传输方式重点应转向连续波脉冲发生器,使其能根据不同的机械钻速、不同的钻井液、不同的井深、不同的钻杆直径、不同的压力波幅值等因素使信号发生器产生不同频率,利用人工神经网络建立连续压力波变频率传输预测控制模型,以增强其环境适应能力。电磁传输及声波传输技术主要是研究解决其信号衰减问题,提高信号传输可靠性,加大测量数据的传输深度;光纤传输主要是解决由于循环压力导致光纤磨损和破损问题,同时降低开发成本。

Modes, principles, implementations and application status of logging-while-drilling （LWD） data transmission technologies, as well as their advantages, disadvantages and limitations in performance, are summarized. Their researching and developing directions are considered as follows： the cable transmission technology is to develop not only high-speed, real-time, two-way communication, but also power supply to downhole; the drilling fluid pulse transmission technology, whose positive pulse mode has been available in commercial use, should focus on the continuous wave pulse generator and establish forecast and control model of variable frequency transmission of continuous pressure wave using artificial neural network to enhance its environmental adaptability; the electromagnetic transmission technology and the acoustic transmission technology need to solve their signal attenuation, to improve reliability of data transmission, and to increase transmission depth; the main problem needs to be solved in the optical fiber transmission technology is abrasion or damage of the optical fiber and its cost reduction.