基于生态足迹的区域生态安全评价研究——以山东省为例

Assessment of Regional Ecological Security Based on Theory of Ecological Footprint——the Case of Shandong Province

本文应用生态足迹方法探讨了区域生态安全评价问题,提出了生态压力指数概念及计算方法,计算了山东省1995-2004年间的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字、生态压力指数。分析表明:①生态占用呈上升趋势,生态承载力呈下降趋势,生态赤字明显,生态压力指数呈上升趋势;②近10年山东省生态安全等级属于Ⅳ级,处于不安全状态;③生态需求与生态供给矛盾日益突出。提出了加强区域生态安全性的对策。

This article is an elementary exploration applying the theory and method of ecological footprint to assess regional ecological security. The ecological footprint, carrying capacity, ecological deficit of Shandong Province were calculated. Furthermore, the concept and model of ecological footprint pressure index （EFPI） as well as the grade system of regional ecological security was.put forward.The following results were obtained. （1）It is feasible to analyze regional ecological security based on EFPI, which can reflect the degree of ecological security from two respects of carrying capacity and pressure. （2）Among 10 years from 1995 to 2004, the per capita ecological capacity of Shandong province appears to be a reducing tendency, the per capita ecological footprint shows an increasing tendency. The per capita ecological deficit appears an increasing tendency. According to the ecological security grade system measured off by EFPI, the security degree of ecology system belongs to Ⅳ,and it is a worsening state. （3）With the further development of social economy, the living standard and living quality of people will be improved constantly, which certainly will consume more energy and raw materials. Ecolgical security suggestions in this paper was put forward.