元谋干热河谷桉树林昆虫群落初步研究

Insect communities in Eucalyptus plantations in Yuanmou Arid-hot Valley

于2005年对云南元谋干热河谷不同树种组成的4个桉树Eucalyptus spp.林昆虫群落进行了调查。在4个试验地内,通过网扫法采集乔木及灌草层昆虫2 541头,分属于11目84科218种,其中半翅目Hemiptera种类及个体最丰富;通过陷阱法采集地表层昆虫6 602头,分属于12目49科121种,其中膜翅目Hymenoptera种类及个体最丰富。不同桉树林昆虫群落中乔木及灌草层亚群落多样性从高到低的顺序是:Ⅰ(桉树林)>Ⅱ(桉树林)>Ⅲ(桉树-印楝Azadirachta indica林)>Ⅳ(桉树-银合欢Leucaena leucocephala林);地表层多样性的排序为:Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ。各试验地桉树林昆虫群落之间为不相似水平。桉树林植物组成对乔木及灌草层昆虫亚群落多样性影响较大,而草本盖度对地表层亚群落多样性的影响较大。

Insect communities in four Eucalyptus plantations （ I -Eucalyptus in Xiaozhong Village of Julin Township, Ⅱ-Eucalyptus in Anding Village of Huangguayuan Township, Ⅲ-Eucalyptus-Azadirachta indica in Maoyi Village of Laocheng Township, and Ⅳ-Eucalyptus-Leucaena leucocephala in Xialeiwo Village of Nengyu Township） （with one plot with 1 hm^2 in each） in the Yuanmou Arid-hot Valley of Yunnan Province were surveyed during 2005 using sweep netting in the tree-shrub-grass layer and pitfall trapping in the litter layer. Totals of all plots showed that sweep netting captured 2 541 insects belonging to 218 species, 84 families, and 11 orders with the order Hemiptera having the most species and individuals; whereas pitfall trapping caught 6 602 insects belonging to 121 species, 49 families, and 12 orders with Hymenoptera having the most species and individuals. In the tree-shrub-grass layer, species diversity （number of species S, Shannon-Wiener diversity index H＇, and Pielou evenness index E） of the insect communities was in the order： I 〉Ⅱ〉Ⅲ〉Ⅳ, whereas in the litter layer it was： Ⅲ〉Ⅳ〉 I 〉Ⅱ.Thus, among these four plantations, for the tree-shrub-grass layer, vegetation had a stronger effect on insect community diversity, while in the litter layer, herbaceous cover had more influence.