美味牛肝菌致突变作用研究

Mutagenic Potential of Boletus edulis

通过蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验和Ames实验,研究了美味牛肝菌水提液的致突变作用,为其安全性评价提供基础。实验结果表明,当美味牛肝菌水提液的使用剂量从2.48 mg/mL增加到25.46 mg/mL时,蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率(‰)由27.21±9.53增加到33.33±1.53,表明美味牛肝菌水提液对蚕豆根尖细胞产生一定的微核诱导作用;在相同剂量下,它们对10μg/mL环磷酰胺诱导产生的蚕豆根尖细胞微核抑制作用由完全抑制下降到很低的抑制水平。Ames实验证明,当美味牛肝菌水提液的使用剂量由每皿3.5 mg增加到70 mg时,TA97,TA98和TA102的回复突变率有一定幅度增加,但均未达到阴性对照的2倍。

The mutagenic potential of aqueous extracts of Boletus edulis fruit bodies was determined by measuring the rate of micronucleus formation in horse bean root tip （HBRT） cells and by the Ames test. The rate of micronucleus formation increased from control values of 21. 10‰ ±2. 02‰ to between 27. 21‰±9.53‰ and 33.33‰±1.53‰ when HBRT cells were exposed to B. edulis extracts over the range 2.48～25.46 mg/mL. Lower concentrations （2.48～10.02 mg/mL） strongly inhibited the rate of micronucleus formation induced by 10 μg/mL cyclophosphamide whereas higher concentrations （25.46 mg/mL） had no significant inhibitory effect. The Ames test revealed that B. edulis extracts did not induce mutations involving frame shifts or base pair substitution, and the fungus is therefore relatively safe to consume.