安庆市1953～2006年狂犬病流行特征及流行因素分析

Analysis of Epidemc Features and Factors of Human Rabies from 1953 to 2006 in Anqing City

目的了解安庆市狂犬病流行特征,探讨近年来狂犬病发病上升的因素和防制对策。方法收集1953-2006年安庆市狂犬病疫情资料和流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果1953-2006年安庆市共报告狂犬病369例,呈现3次流行。1953-1956年低流行期,年平均发病率0.061/10万;1981-1990年出现流行高峰,年平均发病率为0.56/10万;2003-2006年再次出现流行,年平均发病率0.13/10万,且疫情呈持续上升趋势。除迎江区外,各县（市）、区均有狂犬病报告。季节发病高峰在6~10月份,占60.47%。发病职业以农民为主,占58.06%。暴露后67.74%未进行伤口处理,仅有16.13%进行了疫苗接种。结论安庆市狂犬病态势与全国一致。养犬数量增多,对犬的管理不到位,群众对狂犬病危害认识不足,暴露后未及时有效地进行预防处置是近年来狂犬病发病回升的主要原因。

Objective To analyze the epidemic trends and preventive measures of human rabies from 1953 to 2006 in AnQing city. Methods The epidemiologieal data of human rabies were collected and analyzed. Results 369 eases of human rabies were reported from 1953 to 2006 in AnQing, The epidemic trends were divided into three prevalence periods, The average incidence of human rabies was 0. 061 × 10^ -5 in the low prevalence periods, and were 0.56 × 10^ -5 and 0.13 ×10^-5 respectively in two high prevalence periods. These cases occurred mainly from August to October, which accounted for 39.53% of eases in the whole year. Dog was the primary source of infection. The majority of cases were peasants and students, which accounted for 58.06% and 29.03% respectively. 67.74% eases did not receive any the wound treatment, and only 16.13% eases were immunized with rabies vaccine. Conclusions The main reasons of high incidence of rabies consisted of the increasing number of dogs, poor management for dogs, low awareness of the population to the fatalness of rabies, no timely treatment after exposure.