大气探测高技术及应用研究进展

Advances in High Technology of Atmospheric Sounding and Application Researches

大气探测技术是支撑大气科学,特别是大气物理和大气环境学科发展的重要基础,其主要任务是发展新的探测和试验手段、原理和方法,为认识大气运动以及大气中各种物理、化学、生物过程的基本规律及其与周围环境的相互作用提供技术手段和方法。除了充分利用国内外已有的成熟技术和产品对大气科学发展提供支持外,大气探测还存在一系列科学与技术问题需要研究和开发,这也是大气探测科学与高技术的前沿。本文从强对流和降水探测技术、雷电探测技术、云特性探测技术、臭氧和气溶胶等大气成分探测技术、地基GPS观测反演大气和海洋参数、大气与环境综合探测平台六个方面综述近五年来中国科学院大气物理研究所在地面大气探测高技术研发、实验观测及相关研究领域所取得的一些主要进展,并对未来发展进行展望。

Atmospheric sounding is very important for providing crucial technological and observational support to the atmospheric science, especially to the atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment. The main missions are to develop new principle, methodology and state-of-the-art techniques of detection and observation for better understanding the atmospheric motion, the physical, chemical and biological processes in the atmosphere, and the interactions between atmosphere and its circumstance. In addition to utilizing the up-to-data technologies and products, many scientific and technological issues need to be explored and developed in the domain of atmospheric sounding. The main advances, achieved in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in the area of ground-based atmospheric sounding technologies and related researches in the last five years have been reviewed in the paper. The technologies in the detection of severe convection, precipitation and lightning, the sounding of cloud characteristics, the in-situ measurement and remote sensing techniques of atmospheric constituents, mainly ozone and aerosol, the retrieval techniques of atmospheric and oceanic parameters from ground-based GPS observation, and the development of multi-function experiment platform have been concentrated.