秋冬季大白菜田节肢动物群落物种及功能团的时间生态位

Temporal Niches of Species and Functional Groups of Arthropod Communities in Chinese Cabbage Fields Between Autumn and Winter

采用Levins(1968)生态位宽度(Bi转化为Bi′)和Hurlbert(1978)生态位重叠(Lij)指标,对湖北荆州秋冬季大白菜(Brassicacampestris L. ssp. pekinensis(Lour)Olsson.)田节肢动物群落物种和功能团的时间生态位进行了分析,结果表明:害虫中优势害虫菜缢管蚜[Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)]的Bi′居中,为0.6389,甜菜夜蛾(Laphygmaexigua Hubner)、大猿叶虫(Colaphellus bowringiiBaly)与菜缢管蚜的Lij大于1;天敌中优势天敌八斑球腹蛛(Theridionoctomaculatum Boes.etStr.)和草间小黑蛛[Erigonidiumgraminicolum(Sundevall)]的Bi′较小,分别为0.7170和0.6645,三突花蛛(Misumenops tricuspidatus Fabrici-us)与八斑球腹蛛、青翅蚁形隐翅虫(Paederus fuscipes Curtis)与草间小黑蛛的Lij大于1;八斑球腹蛛、草间小黑蛛以及青翅蚁形隐翅虫与菜缢管蚜的Lij大于1。害虫功能团中蚜虫类的Bi′居中,天敌中功能团中蜘蛛类Bi′最大。蚜虫类与蝽类、潜叶蝇类、直翅类及叶蝉类的Lij大于1,蜘蛛类与瓢虫类及隐翅甲的Lij均大于1。蜘蛛类、瓢虫类、隐翅甲与蚜虫类的Lij均大于1。

Temporal niches of species and functional groups of arthropod communities in Chinese cabbage fields in Jingzhou of Hubei Province between Autumn and Winter were analysed using the niche breadth and overlap index(Bi' and Lij,Bi' translated by Bi,)from Levins(1968)and Hurlbert(1978)respectively.Results showed that Bi' of Lipaphis erysimi,the most dominant pest,is in the middle of the main pests,the value being 0.638 9.Lij of Laphygma exigua or Colaphellus bowringii with Lipaphis erysimi is greater than 1.Bi' of Theridion octomaculatum and Erigonidium graminicolum,the most dominant natural predator,is lower,the values being 0.710 7 and 0.664 5.Lij of Misumenops tricuspidatus with Theridion octomaculatum and Paederus fuscipes with Erigonidium graminicolum higher than 1.Lij of Theridion octomaculatum,Erigonidium graminicolum and Paederus fuscipes with Lipaphis erysimi were all higher than 1.Bi'of Aphids is in the middle of functional groups of pests and Bi' of spiders,the dominant functional groups,is biggest.Lij of Aphids with phytophage bugs、leaf-mining flies、orthoptera and leafhopper are higher than 1.Lij of spiders with ladybugs and staphylinida are higher than 1.Lij of spiders,ladybugs,staphylinida with aphids are higher than 1.