脂肪间充质干细胞多向分化潜能的特征

Multi-differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells

脂肪间充质干细胞具有较强的体外增殖能力,因存在生物学特性稳定、来源充足、体外培养条件低等优势已引起各国学者的关注。在一定条件下,可成功地将其诱导为成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、脂肪前体细胞、心肌细胞、神经样细胞。现阶段尚未找到脂肪间充质干细胞的特异性分子标记,对其多向分化潜能判定的公认方法是观察检测分化所得细胞的形态学变化及表面标记物的表达,基本未涉及细胞特异性功能分析。脂肪间充质干细胞凭借其多向分化潜能,是人体干细胞库潜在的重要来源,可作为多种组织工程种子细胞应用于组织缺损的修复,但多向分化潜能的科学性、重复性及安全性等问题均有待深入分析。

Adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） have aroused more attention due to the abundant source in adipose tissue, strong reproductive activity in vitro and stable biological characters. ADSCs can differentiate towards osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiornyocytes and neural-like cells with different inductors. The specific marker of ADSCs has not been found. This hypothesis of multi-directional differentiation properties of ADSCs has been verified, mainly according to cellular morphology and phenotype of differentiated cell, not involved in analysis of specific cell function of them. Due to the multi-directional differentiation properties, ADSCs have become one of the potential resources of human stem cells. ADSCs can act as seed cells of various tissue engineering to repair tissue defects. However, the scientificity, repeatability and safety of differentiation potential still needs further validation.